Office of Information Technology

• Changing PH Info
• Forwarding e-mail
• htaccess & htpasswd setup
• FTPing with WS_FTP
• Printing from UNIX

• Reading from CD-ROM
• Counter on Webpage
• Working Dir in Prompt
• Using Zmodem

Sometimes a user wishes to forward e-mail to another location but at the same time keeping a copy in thier UNIX account. Say for example you want to get your e-mail sent to your pager and your UNIX account. Well it easy to setup!

First you will need to do is create a ".forward" file. You can do this with any text editor but in this example we will use pico. Login to your UNIX account and type:

     pico .forward

at the prompt. This will enter you in a text editor. All you will need to type in is:

     \yourusername
     \another_address@somewhere.com

Hit ^X (Control X) to exit and then hit Y to save modified changes. Presto e-mail will now be sent to your UNIX account as well as the other location.
If you ever decide you no longer want this just login to your account and type: "rm .forward" it's history.

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Create a file in the directory you want to protect called .htaccess. In that file type these statements:

AuthType Basic

AuthName "Restricted Area"

AuthUserFile /disk/username/public_html/dirname/.htpasswd require valid-user

you can put anything you want to show up on the dialog box in place of "Restricted Area" just make sure that it is in double quotes ("").

Disk = The disk that your account is on. It will be: u##. You can get the two numbers by fingering the UNIX username.

Username = Your UNIX username

Dirname = The subdirectory within public_html that you want to protect. Once you have that setup, you need to run a program called htpasswd.

To create the file in the first place type:

$/usr/misc/bin/htpasswd -c /disk/username/public_html/dirname/.htpasswd newname

Where disk, username, and dirname are the same values as listed above.

Newname = the username that you want to assign to the new person. When you hit enter, it will ask for the password. The password will be held as securely on the system as account passwords are so they will be encrypted. The only way to let a person know what their password is is to reset it to something else.

To add users after the .htpasswd file has been created, just reissue the command with a different name on the end. You need to make sure everything in the desired directory, as well as the directory its self has the correct permisisons.

To get all the files at once in a directory type:

$chmod 755 *

The numbers are as follows:

Owner Group World 7 5 5 RWXD RX RX

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For users who wish to transfer files from a PC with the ws_ftp client. First, start WS_FTP, and the "Session Properties" window will pop up. Click on "New", this will blank out all the lines in the window. Enter the following entries:

Profile Name: UT
Host Name/Address: ftp.utk.edu 
Host type: Automatic detect
User ID: "YOUR UNIX USERNAME"
Password: "YOUR UNIX PASSWORD"
Account: leave blank

click the "OK" button. You will now be at the main WS_FTP window which is divided into two parts, the "Local System"(left) and "Remote System"(right). Using the mouse, select the appropriate location on your hard drive in the "Local System". Then select the location of the place on the UNIX machine that you desire. (NOTE: By default, WS_FTP places you in your home area unless you tell it otherwise.) You should be ready to download/upload the file(s) now. Click on the appropiate arrow that divides the "Local System" from the "Remote System" (<- moves files from the remote system to the local system and -> moves files from the local system to the remote system). Continue this for files in other directories. You may select multiple files in the same directory by holding the control button down at the same time you select files.

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In the UNIX world, postscript is the standard in text processing and formatting. All major computer, printer, and typesetting vendors support the Postscript language as a standard. Many software packages, by default, generate postscript output for text and graphics. Consequently, producing Postscript documents and presentations for previewing and, then printing, is very strongly encouraged. Fortunately, there are utilities that will take ASCII text files and encapsulate them with Postscript operators. Two helpful programs are:

/usr/transcpript/bin/enscript
/usr/lib/lp/postscript/postprint

The following examples show aliases that one could place in one's .kshrc and/or .cshrc file to insure definition for each login session. To print in landscape mode:

ksh
alias land='/usr/lib/lp/postscript/postprint -pland -l46'
alias land='/usr/transcript/bin/enscript -Php5si -r'

csh
alias land '/usr/lib/lp/postscript/postprint -pland -l46'
alias land '/usr/transcript/bin/enscript -Php5si -r'

Then, to print to hp5si, one would enter the command:

land filename(s) | lp -dhp5si (for postprint)
land filesname(s) (for enscript)

To print two colums (two pages on one page) and landscape mode:

ksh
alias 2upland='/usr/lib/lp/postscript/postprint -pland -l46 -n2'
alias 2upland='/usr/transcript/bin/enscript -Php5si -r -2'

csh
alias 2upland '/usr/lib/lp/postscript/postprint -pland -l46 -n2'
alias 2upland '/usr/transcript/bin/enscript -Php5si -r -2'

Then, use the same command as for the first example substituting "2upland" for "land". To use another printer, just substitute another queue name for hp5si. If one uses the environment variable LPDEST to define a default queue, the references to hp5si in the examples can be deleted in the aliases and the commands. There are more options available with both commands; enter "man enscript" and "man postprint" for more detailed explanations. The following utilities are also available for translating different text formats to Postscript. For more details, type "man xxxx", sustituting "xxxx" with the utility name.

a2ps - formats an ascii file for printing on a postscript printer
lpman - formats manual pages to postscript
hp2ps - FIDAP utility for hpgl to postscript conversion
posttek - PostScript translator for Tektronix 4014 files
dvips - convert a TeX DVI file to PostScript

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For users who wish to read files from a CD-ROM, put the CD into the drive and type "cd /cdrom" without the quotes at the UNIX prompt. This changes the current working directory to CD-ROM. The user can now access all the files on the CD and perform any operations on those files. The user should know that the CD-ROMs are READ-ONLY.

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You will need a counter script/program to do this. You should look for one around the internet or you can use one that is setup for all UTK pages to use. In order to use the one we have here, in your HTML file put in a line like the following:

<IMG SRC="http://web.utk.edu/cgi-bin/counter">

Then, go look at the page. It should show up now. To use one of the other counters around, you will need to do a search on the Internet and see what is available. Once you find one, you will need to read the directions and set it up on the web.utk.edu server. Look at www.cas.utk.edu/unix and look for the link about using CGI on funnelweb.

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To put your working directory on the prompt, the ".profile" file should include the following command depending on your shell.

csh
set prompt = `hostname | awk -F. '{print $1}'`"$PWD>"

bash
export PS1= '\w \$ '

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Zmodem allows users to transfer files from a remote host to a local pc using the zmodem protocol. You must have communications software that is capable of this protocal. Login into your UNIX account and type "setup public". Then change to the directory that contains the file(s) to be transferred. Issue the command

sz (-b) file1 file2 ... filen

the '-b' option is necessary for transfering binary files (.exe, .zip, etc), you may omit it if the file(s) are ascii text. You will be instructed to begin the download on you local host which involves starting the download option in your communications software. To learn how to do this, consult your software manuals. Ensure that you are using zmodem as the protocal to download with and you should see a message or a progression bar that shows what the software is doing for each of your files that you are sending. Once complete, you will be returned to the UNIX prompt.

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